The Games of Chemical Equilibrium – Part I
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Le Châtelier Principle (LCP), widely used to explain chemical equilibrium in chemistry education, has been criticized for its supposed lack of thermodynamic foundation. Despite this, it continues to appear in textbooks as a useful qualitative tool. This article examines its validity through a numerical analysis of ammonia synthesis under different conditions (constant or variable temperature, pressure, and volume), using experimental data and computational tools.
Article Details
Citas en Dimensions Service
References
Banerjee, A. C. (1991). Misconceptions of students and teachers in chemical equilibrium. International Journal of Science Education, 13(4), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069910130411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069910130411
De Heer, J. (1957). The principle of Le Chatelier and Braun. Journal of Chemical Education, 34(7), 375–380. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed034p375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ed034p375
Ehrenfest, P. (1911). Das Prinzip von Le Chatelier-Braun und die Reciprocitätssätze der Thermodynamik. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 77, 227–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-1911-7714
Guldberg, C. M., & Waage, P. (1867). Études sur les affinités chimiques. Christiania University.
Haynes, W. M., Lide, D. R., & Bruno, T. J. (Eds.). (2016). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: A ready-reference book of chemical and physical data (97th ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315380476 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315380476
Katz, L. (1961). A systematic way to avoid Le Chatelier’s principle in chemical reactions. Journal of Chemical Education, 38(7), 375–378. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed038p375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ed038p375
Knuttson, H. (2023). Qalculate!. https://qalculate.github.io/
Le Chatelier, H. L. (1884). Sur un énoncé général des lois des équilibres chimiques [About a general expression of the laws of chemical equilibrium]. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 99, 786–789.
Munson, B. R., & Cayard, M. S. (2018). Thermodynamic derivations of various ammonium salt deposition equations common to the refining industry. Corrosion, 74(10), 1158–1163. https://doi.org/10.5006/2855 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5006/2855
Nakhleh, M. (1992). Why some students don’t learn chemistry: Chemical misconceptions. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(3), 191–196. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed069p191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ed069p191
Nelson, P. G. (2021). A simple treatment of chemical equilibrium. Foundations of Chemistry, 23, 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-021-09404-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-021-09404-9
Posthumus, K. (1933). The application of the van’t Hoff–Le Chatelier–Braun principle to chemical equilibria II. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, 52, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/recl.19340530403 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/recl.19330520105
Quílez, J. (2004). Changes in concentration and in partial pressure in chemical equilibria: Students’ and teachers’ misunderstandings. Chemical Education Research and Practice, 5(3), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1039/B3RP90033A DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/B3RP90033A
Quílez, J. (2022). Aproximación histórica al principio de Le Châtelier: aceptación, cuestionamiento, problemas de enseñanza y dificultades de aprendizaje. Implicaciones didácticas. Anales de Química, 118(3), 185–191. https://analesdequimica.es/index.php/AnalesQuimica/article/view/1803
Satriana, T., Yamtinah, S., Ashadi, & Indriyanti, N. (2018). Student’s profile of misconception in chemical equilibrium. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1097, 012066. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012066
Solaz-Portolés, J., & Quílez, J. (1995). Thermodynamics and the Le Chatelier’s principle. Revista Mexicana de Física, 41, 128–138. https://rmf.smf.mx/ojs/index.php/rmf/article/view/2482
van Driel, J. H., & Gräber, W. (2002). The teaching and learning of chemical equilibrium. En J. K. Gilbert, O. De Jong, R. Justi, D. F. Treagust, & J. H. van Driel (Eds.), Chemical education: Towards research-based practice (pp. 271–292). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47977-X_12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47977-X_12
Wolfram. (2024). Equation Solver Calculator. https://es.wolframalpha.com/calculators/equation-solver-calculator
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Educación Química por Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/req.