Efficacy of Commercial Disinfectants in Reducing Microorganisms on Dental Chair Surfaces in Pediatric Clinics
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: reducing surface contamination in dental clinics with disinfectants is key to infection control. Objective: to evaluate bacterial growth on the dental spitoon/cuspidor, three-way syringe tip and saliva ejector converter of the dental chair in paediatric dental clinics after three working days. Material and methods: Microorganisms were isolated and Colony Forming Unit (CFU) were quantified from the surfaces evaluated during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of the working day. The disinfectants tested were Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) 5th generation 3% (FD 300® and Septalkan®) and 3rd generation (Bactogem EQ-110®); sodium hypochlorite 0.05% (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2, TwinOxide®). Results: the microorganisms isolated prior to the use of disinfectants were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia faecalis, E. coli and Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia-Citrobacter complex, KESC. Following the use of the disinfectants, P. aeruginosa and E. coli were completely eliminated; a significant reduction of E. faecalis and KESC was also obtained (p <0.05), and S. aureus showed no bacterial reduction. FD 300® obtained the highest reduction >5 Log10 on all three surfaces, followed by Septalkan® with a reduction between 3 and 4 Log10. NaClO 0.5% and TwinOxide® (ClO2) obtained a reduction of more than 3 Log10, Bactogem EQ-110® obtained smaller reductions between 2 and 3 Log10. Conclusions: The 5th generation 3% QACs FD 300® showed the highest CFU reduction on the three-way syringe tip and saliva ejector converter, and a total reduction on the cuspidor, followed by Septalkan®; NaClO and ClO2 obtained a similar CFU reduction; the 3rd generation QACs showed the lowest disinfectant efficacy.
Article Details
Citas en Dimensions Service
References
Weber DJ, Anderson D, Rutala WA. The Role of the Surface Environment in Healthcare-Associated Infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013; 26: 338–44. DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283630f04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283630f04
Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Disinfection and Sterilization: An Overview. Am J Infect Control. 2013; 41(Suppl): S2-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2012.11.005
Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Sterilization, High-Level Disinfection and Environmental Cleaning. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2011; 25(1): 45–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2010.11.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2010.11.009
Dettenkofer M, Spencer RC. Importance of Environmental Decontamination. A Critical View. J Hosp Infect. 2007; 65(Suppl2): 55–7. DOI: 10.1016/S0195-6701(07)60016-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6701(07)60016-4
Yoo JH. Review of Disinfection and Sterilization - Back to the Basics. Infect Chemother. 2018; 50(2): 101–9. DOI: 10.3947/ic.2018.50.2.101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2018.50.2.101
Véliz E, Vergara T, Pearcy M, Dabanch J. Importancia del proceso de limpieza y desinfección de superficies críticas en un servicio dental. Impacto de un programa de intervención [Importance of Cleaning and Disinfection of Critical Surfaces in Dental Health Services. Impact of an Intervention Program]. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2018; 35(1): 88–90. DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182018000100088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182018000100088
Mupparapu M, Kothari KRM. Review of Surface Disinfection Protocols in Dentistry: A 2019 Update. Quintessence Int. 2019; 50(1): 58–65. DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a41337
Sánchez Vargas LO. El Control de Infecciones en el Ámbito Odontológico. Ciudad de México, México: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2017.
Maki DG, Alvarado CJ, Hassemer CA, Zilz MA. Relation of the Inanimate Hospital Environment to Endemic Nosocomial Infection. N Engl J Med. 1982; 307(25): 1562–6. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198212163072507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198212163072507
Ibrahim NK, Alwafi HA, Sangoof SO, Turkistani AK, Alattas BM. Cross-Infection and Infection Control in Dentistry: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Patients Attended Dental Clinics in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2017; 10(4): 438–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2016.06.002
Quinn MM, Henneberger PK; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA), Cleaning and Disinfecting in Healthcare Working Group, Braun B, et al. Cleaning and Disinfecting Environmental Surfaces in Health Care: Toward an Integrated Framework for Infection and Occupational Illness Prevention. Am J Infect Control. 2015; 4385: 424–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.01.029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.01.029
Ling ML, Ching P, Widitaputra A, Stewart A, Sirijindadirat N, Thu LTA. APSIC Guidelines for Disinfection and Sterilization of Instruments in Health Care Facilities. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018; 7: 25. DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0308-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0308-2
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Best Practices for the Safe Use of Glutaraldehyde in Health Care. OSHA 3258-08N 2006. [Internet]. [Fecha de consulta: 22 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/glutaraldehyde.pdf
Engelmann AI, Dal AA, Miura CSN, Bremm LL, Boleta-Cerantio DC. Evaluation of Procedures Performed by Suregen-Dentists from Cascavel State of Parana and Surroundings for Biossecurity Control. Odontol Clin Cient. 2010; 9(2): 161–5.
American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial. Radiology Infection Control Guidelines for Dental Radiographic Procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992; 7382: 248–9. DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90202-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(92)90202-2
Condrin AK. Disinfection and Sterilization in Dentistry. Tex Dent J. 2014; 131(8): 604–8.
Weightman NC, Lines LD. Problems with the Decontamination of Dental Handpieces and Other Intra-Oral Dental Equipment in Hospitals. J Hosp Infect. 2004; 56(1): 1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2003.09.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2003.09.006
Pasquarella C, Veronesi L, Castiglia P, Liguori G, Montagna MT, Napoli C, et al. Italian Multicentre Study on Microbial Environmental Contamination in Dental Clinics: A Pilot Study. Sci Total Environ. 2010; 408(19): 4045–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.05.010
Bureš F. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Simple in Structure, Complex in Application. Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2019; 377(3): 14. DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0239-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0239-2
Smith GW, Smith AJ, Creanor S, Hurrell D, Bagg J, Lappin DF. Survey of the Decontamination and Maintenance of Dental Handpieces in General Dental Practice. Br Dent J. 2009; 207(4): E7; Discussion 160–1. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.761 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.742
Petrocci AN. Surface Active Agents: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. En: Block SS (Ed.). Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1983. pp. 309-329.
Christensen RP, Robison RA, Robinson DF, Ploeger BJ, Leavitt RW, Bodily HL. Antimicrobial Activity of Environmental Surface Disinfectants in the Absence and Presence of Bioburden. J Am Dent Assoc. 1989; 119(4): 493–505. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8177(89)94006-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8177(89)94006-3
Salvia AC, Dos Santos Matilde F, Silva FC, Kimpara ET, Cardoso AO, Balducci I, et al. Disinfection Protocols to Prevent Cross-Contamination between Dental Offices and Prosthetic Laboratories. J Infect Public Health. 2013; 6(5): 377–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2013.04.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2013.04.011
Karpay RI, Plamondon TJ, Mills SE, Dove SB. Combining Periodic and Continuous Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment to Control Biofilms in Dental Unit Water Systems. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999; 130(7): 957–65. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0336
Rabenau HF, Kampf G, Cinatl J, Doerr HW. Efficacy of Various Disinfectants Against SARS Coronavirus. J Hosp Infect. 2005; 61(2): 107–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.12.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2004.12.023
Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E. Persistence of Coronaviruses on Inanimate Surfaces and their Inactivation with Biocidal Agents. J Hosp Infect. 2020; 104(3): 246–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022
Russell AD, Hugo WB, Ayliffe GAJ. Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization. 3a. ed. Londres: Blackwell; 2014.
Tzanavaras PD, Themelis DG, Kika FS. Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Chlorine Dioxide. Open Chemistry. 2007; 5(1): 1–12. DOI: 10.2478/s11532-006-0054-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-006-0054-9
Patel M, Ebonwu J, Cutler E. Comparison of Chlorine Dioxide and Dichloroisocyanurate Disinfectants for Use in the Dental Setting. SADJ. 2012; 67(7): 366–9.
Twin Oxide. [Internet]. [Fecha de consulta: 29 de junio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.twinoxide.com/es/sobre-twinoxide/
Castiglia P, Liguori G, Montagna MT, Napoli C, Pasquarella C, Bergomi M, et al. Italian Multicenter Study on Infection Hazards during Dental Practice: Control of Environmental Microbial Contamination in Public Dental Surgeries. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8: 187. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-187
Cardoso CT, Pinto Júnior JR, Pereira EA, Barros LM, Freitas ABDA. Contaminação de Tubos de Resina Composta Manipulados sem Barreira de Proteção [Contamination of Composite Resin Tubes Handled without a Protective Barrier]. Robrac. 2010; 18(48): 71–5. DOI: 10.36065/robrac.v19i48.421
Zadoks RN, Van Leeuwen WB, Kreft D, Fox LK, Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Van Belkum A. Comparison of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Bovine and Human Skin, Milking Equipment, and Bovine Milk by Phage Typing, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, and Binary Typing. J Clin Microbiol. 2002; 40811: 3894–9302. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.11.3894-3902.2002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.11.3894-3902.2002
Revista Odontológica Mexicana por Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://revistas.unam.mx/index.php/rom.