Cognitive state of elderly and its association with alcohol and tobacco compsuption

Article Sidebar

PDF (Español (España))
Published: Feb 18, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.23958979e.2019.8.15.69154

Main Article Content

Raymundo Velasco Rodríguez
Universidad de Colima
Verónica Benítez Guerrero
Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit
Javier Muñoz Bernal
Universidad de Guadalajara
Laura Elena Reyes Barribas
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Alma Delia Frayre De la O
Universidad de Sinaloa
María Gicela Pérez Hernández
Universidad de Colima

Abstract

Objective.To assess the cognitive state of seniors and to link this cognitive state to age and length of alcohol and tobaccoconsumption. Methodology.Prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional multicenter study of 1,290 non-institutionalized seniors in five regions of western Mexico. Cognitive state was assessed on the Pfeiffer scale, and alcohol- and tobacco-consumptionhabits were assessed through the application of a questionnaire. The demographic variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and data were compared by gender using a chi-squared test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify co-dependence between variables (cognitive state v. chronological age; cognitive state v. length of consumption). Results.Average age: 70.5 ± 0.7 years; 59.2% men (n= 763) and 40.8% women (n= 527). Consumption rates by cognitive state (% alcohol, tobacco):normal state, 61.3 and 63.0; light cognitive impairment, 26.9 and 26.3; medium cognitive impairment, 9.84 and 9.02; severe cognitive impairment, 1.91 and 1.7. Gender did not have a significant effect on cognitive state for alcohol consumers (p=0.203) nor tobacco consumers (p=0.118). Correlation analysis did not reveal any co-dependence between the variables studied during the consumption of alcohol (r=0.28, r=0.13) nor tobacco (r=0.28, r=0.24), respectively. Conclusion.Consumption of alcohol and tobacco, when started at a late age, does not have a major effect on the cognitive state. A normal cognitive state was more common in men than in women, although the difference was not statistically significant. No co-dependence was found between the variables studied. Keywords:Cognitive state; elderly; alcohol; tobacco.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Velasco Rodríguez, R., Benítez Guerrero, V., Muñoz Bernal, J., Reyes Barribas, L. E., Frayre De la O, A. D., & Pérez Hernández, M. G. (2019). Cognitive state of elderly and its association with alcohol and tobacco compsuption. CuidArte Journal, 8(15), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.23958979e.2019.8.15.69154

Citas en Dimensions Service

References

(1) Secretaría de Salud; México: Norma oficial mexicana para la prestación de servicios de asistencia social para menores y adultos mayores (NOM-167-SSA1-1997). [Acceso 12 de nov. 2016]. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2SuPTrj

(2) Secretaría de Salud; México. Comité Nacional de Atención al Envejecimiento. Programa de trabajo del Subcomité Técnico de Enfermería para la Atención del Adulto Mayor. México, D.F. Secretaria de Salud; 2005. 15.

(3) Bazo MT. Institucionalización de personas ancianas: un reto sociológico. REIS-CIS Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas. 1991; 53: 149-164.

(4) Daly S, Sawchuk PJ, Wertenberger DH. Sending the elderly home: Assessing the risk. Can Nurse. 2000; 96 (3): 27-30.

(5) León R, Millián F, Camacho N, Arévalo RE, Escartín M. Factores de riesgo para deterioro cognitivo y funcional en el adulto mayor. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2009; 47(3): 277-284.

(6) Salech MF Jara LR, Michea AL. Cambios fisiológicos asociados al envejecimiento. Rev Clin Med Condes. 2012; 23(1): 19-29.

(7) Sánchez IY, Pérez VT. El funcionamiento cognitivo en la vejez: atención y percepción en el adulto mayor. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr. 2008; Vol 24(2): 1-7.

(8) Hoskins I, Kalache A, & Mende S. Hacia una atención primaria de salud adaptada a las personas de edad. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2005; 17(5-6), 444-51.

(9) Boris K, Mendoza M, Chardwin A, Tantalean V, Victor A, Soto C, et al. Tamizaje del nivel de deterioro cognitivo y depresión en adultos mayores en un centro del adulto mayor. Rev Ciencia Tegnol y Humanidades. 2016; 7(2): 123-134.

(10) Casanova P, Casanova C. Deterioro cognitivo en la tercera edad. Rev Cubana de Med Gen Integr. 2004; 20(5-6): 0-0.

(11) Favela EA, García JJ, Lozano MJ, Manilla M, Rivera MA, Sánchez JJ. Guía de Práctica Clínica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento del deterioro cognoscitivo en el adulto mayor en el primer nivel de atención. México: Secretaría de Salud-CENETEC; Julio 2012. 89 p.

(12) Gutiérrez JP, Rivera J, Shamah T, Villalpando S, Franco A, Cuevas L, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición ENSANUT 2012. Resultados Nacionales. Secretaria de Salud-INSP, mayo de 2012. 196 p.

(13) Tafolla AM. Trascendencia del cuidado enfermero en el adulto mayor. Rev Enferm Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2007; 15(1): 1-2.

(14) Velasco R, Godínez R, Mendoza RC, Torres MM, Moreno I, Hilerio AG. Estado actual de capacidades en adultos mayores institucionalizados de Colima, Mexico. Rev Enferm Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2012; 20 (2): 91-96.

(15) Martínez J, Dueñas M, Onis MC, Aguado C, Albert C, Luque R. Spanish language adaptation and validation of the Pfeiffer’s questionnaire (SPMSQ) to detect cognitive deterioration in people over 65 years of age. Med Clín (Barc). 2001; Vol. 117 (4):129-134.

(16) Reglamento de la Ley general de la salud en materia de investigación para la salud. Titulo Segundo: De los Aspectos éticos de la investigación en seres Humanos: Capitulo I Art 13, 16, 17 20, y 21. Disponible en: http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/legis/lgs/LEY_GENERAL_DE_SALUD.pdf

(17) Declaración de Helsinki de la asociación médica mundial. Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos Art 6. Disponible en: http://www.wma.net/es/30publications/10policies/b3/17c_es.pdf

(18) Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principios de Neurosciencias. 4th. Ed. Madrid: Mc Graw-Hill Interamericana, 2001.

(19) Stampfer MJ, Kang JH, Chen J, Cherry R, Grodstein F. Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352(3):245-53

(20) Reid MC, Maciejewski PK, Hawkins KA, Bogardus ST Jr. Relationship between alcohol consumption and Folstein Mini-Mental status examination scores among older cognitively impaired adults. J. Geriatric Psychiatry Neurol. 2002; 15(1):31-7.

(21) Weisskopf MG, Grodstein F, Ascherio A. Smoking and cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2007; 22(5): 660-665.

(22) Zhou H, Deng J, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang M, He H. Study of the relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and cognitive decline in elderly in china. Age and Ageing. 2003; 32(2): 205-210.

(23) Zou Y, Murray DE, Durazzo TC, Schmidt TP, Murray TA, Meyerhoff DJ. Effects of abstinence and chronic cigarette smoking on white matter microstructure in alcohol dependence: Diffusion tensor imaging at 4T. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017; 175:42-50.

(24) Alfonso S, Guerri C. Molecular and behavioral aspects of the actions of alcohol on the adult and developing brain. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2011; 48 (1):19-47.

(25) Gross AL, Rebok GW, Ford DE, Chu AY, Gallo JJ, Liang KY, et al. Alcohol consumption and domain-specific cognitive function in older adults: longitudinal data from the Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2011; 66(1):39-47.

(26) Herbert LE, Scherr PA, Beckett LA, Albert MS, Rosner B, Taylor JO. Relation of smoking and low-to-moderate alcohol consumption to change in cognitive function: a longitudinal study in a defined community of older persons. J. Epidemiology. 1993; 137(8):881-91

(27) Park B, Park J, Jun JK, Choi KS, Suh M. Gender differences in the association of smoking and drinking with the development of cognitive impairment. PLoSOne. 2013; 201; 8(10).

(28) Aguilar SG, Reyes J, Borgues G. Cognitive impairment and alcohol and cigarette smoking over 65 Mexican adults. Salud Pública Mex. 2007; 49 (4):467-474.

(29) Durazzo TC, Korecka M, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, O’ Hara R, Ashford JW, et al. Active Cigarette Smoking in Cognitively-Normal Elders and Probable Alzheimer’s Disease is Associated with Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016; 54(1):99-107.

(30) Aveleyda E, Ostrosky F. Efectos de la terapia hormonal en el funcionamiento cognoscitivo: Una revisión de estudios neuropsicológicos y psicofisiológicos. Revista Mexicana de Psicología. 2005; 22 (2):405-417