A new regional biogeography of the Amazonian subregion, mainly based on animal taxa

Abstract

THE AMAZONIAN SUBREGION, BOLONGING TO THE NEOTROPICAL REGION OF THE HOLOTROPICAL KINGDOM, RANGES THROUGH MOST OF BRAZIL, THE GUYANAS, SOUTHERN VENEZUELA, SOUTHERN COLOMBIA, EASTERN ECUADOR, EASTERN PERÚ, BOLIVIA, NORTHERN PARAGUAY, AND NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA. A NEW BIOGEOGRAPHIC SCHEME FOR THE SUBREGION IS PROPOSED HEREIN, WHERE THE FOLLOWING 13 PROVINCES ARE RECOGNIZED: YUNGAS (EASTERN SLOPES OF THE ANDES, BETWEEN 300 AND 2500 M. FROM NORTHERN PERU TO NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA), GUIANAN (GUIANAN SHIELD, BETWEEN VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, GUYANA, SURINAME AND NORTHERN BRAZIL), MOIST GUIANAN (SOUTHEASTERN VENEZUELA, NORTHERN BRAZIL SURINAME, AND GUYANA), NAPO (NORTHERN PERU, SOUTHEASTERN COLOMBIA, AND EASTERN ECUADOOR), IMERÍ (SOUTHERN VENEZUELA, SOUTHEASTERN COLOMBIA, AND NORTHERN BRAZIL), RORAIMA (NORTHERN BRAZIL, SOUTHEASTERN VENEZUELA, SURINAME AND GUYANA), AMAPÁ (SURINAME AND NORTHWESTERN BRAZIL), VARZEA (NORTHWESTERN BRAZIL AND NOERTHWESTERN PERU), UCAYALI (EASTERN PERU, NORTHERN BOLIVIA, AND WESTERB BRAZIL), MADEIRA (NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL, LIMITED IN THE NORTH BY THE AMAZON RIVER, IN THE WEST BY THE MADEIRA AND BENI RIVERS, IN THE EAST BY THE XINGU RIVER, AND IN THE SOUTH BY THE BOLIVIAN EASTERN CORDILLERA), TAPAJOS-XINGU (NORTHWESTERN BRAZIL), PARÁ (NORTHWESTERN BRAZIL, LIMITED IN THE NORTH AND WEST BY THE TOCANTINS AND ARAGUAIA RIVERS, IN THE SOUTH BY THE SERRA DO GURUPI OF THE NORTHERN PART OF MARANHAO AND BY THE GRAJAU RIVER, AND IN THE EAST BY THE GUANÁ RIVER), AND PANTANAL (SOUTH CENTRAL BRAZIL, NORTHEASTERN BOLIVIA, AND NORTHERN PARAGUAY).