PROGRESO TECNOLÓGICO, ACUMULACIÓN DE CAPITAL Y CRECIMIENTO EN AMÉRICA LATINA
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Abstract
RESUMEN
En el presente artículo analizamos el comportamiento de las tasas de crecimiento de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y México para el periodo 1960-2017 y contrastamos las explicaciones relacionadas con la productividad total de los factores y con la acumulación de capital en el contexto de la restricción externa al crecimiento. Se concluye que el progreso tecnológico es una variable endógena que responde a las variaciones de la demanda necesarias para mantener el equilibrio dinámico de la balanza comercial y que el crecimiento de las economías está intrínsecamente ligado al comportamiento del crecimiento de la capacidad económica, el cual a su vez depende de la acumulación de capital. La evidencia empírica indica que los procesos de crecimiento acelerado de las economías analizadas se correspondieron con ritmos de acumulación de capital elevados.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS, CAPITAL ACUMULATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA
ABSTRACT
This paper displays an analysis of the economic growth rates of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico during the period 1961-2017. Explanations related to total factor productivity and to capital accumulation are here contrasted in a context of growth external constraint. The following conclusiones are reached on empirical grounds: Technological progress is an endogenous variable reacting to variations in aggregate demand necessary to fulfill the dynamic equilibrium of the trade balance; growth rates in those countries are closely linked to the growth rate of their economic capacity; the process of growth acceleration in these economies corresponded to high rates of capital accumulation.
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