Intervenciones para depresión en jóvenes: de la reducción de síntomas al bienestar y funcionamiento óptimo
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Resumen
La depresión es un problema de salud pública importante en niños y adolescentes, lo que hace que identificar e implementar intervenciones efectivas para su tratamiento sea de creciente interés. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de este artículo es discutir teóricamente diferentes intervenciones psicológicas para la depresión. En particular, las que se abordan la psicopatología, la reducción de los síntomas depresivos y las nuevas intervenciones basadas en el enfoque de la psicología positiva, que se centran en el funcionamiento óptimo y el bienestar de la persona. Intervenciones con respaldo empírico para los niños y adolescentes, como la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) y la terapia interpersonal (IPT), tienen un enfoque de reducción de síntomas, lo que representa una visión incompleta de funcionamiento en la juventud. En contraste, las intervenciones basadas en la psicología positiva promueven una aproximación más equilibrada que contempla los aspectos negativos y positivos de la experiencia y tiene como objetivo mejorar el bienestar. En el artículo, se presentan y discuten intervenciones nuevas, como la Terapia del Funcionamiento Óptimo Terapia para Adolescentes, que sugieren que el enfoque de las intervenciones para los adolescentes con depresión debería integrar la reducción de síntomas y la mejora de su bienestar para lograr un funcionamiento óptimo. Ayudar a que los jóvenes sean más felices y más comprometidos en sus vidas es parte de una nueva perspectiva para la práctica de la psicología clínica.
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