Clima de empoderamiento, tipos de motivación, diversión y aburrimiento en jóvenes deportistas
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Los climas empoderamiento creados por los entrenadores son determinantes en la motivación de los jóvenes deportistas y en la diversión de las actividades deportivas. Basado en algunos de los constructos de la secuencia teórica propuesta por Duda et al., (2018), se puso a prueba un modelo con la siguiente secuencia: clima de empoderamiento (empowering) ® tipos de motivación ® diversión y aburrimiento, en deportistas jóvenes de Hermosillo, Sonora. Participaron 373 deportistas (204 hombres y 169 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 12 a 16 años (M = 13.95, DT = 1.11), los cuales completaron los instrumentos que evaluaban las variables de estudio. El análisis a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirmó que el clima de empoderamiento se interrelaciona positivamente con la motivación intrínseca, y esta a su vez, con la diversión; de forma contraria, el clima de empoderamiento se relaciona negativamente con la motivación extrínseca y no motivación, y estas a su vez se relacionan positivamente con el aburrimiento. Se confirma que la creación de climas empoderadores por parte de los entrenadores, generan motivación de calidad (intrínseca) en los jóvenes deportistas, logrando mayor diversión lo que implicará un desarrollo óptimo en las actividades deportivas.
Detalles del artículo
Citas en Dimensions Service
Citas
Alvarez, M. S., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2012). The coach-created motivational climate, young athletes’ well-being, and intentions to continue participation. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 6(2), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.6.2.166
Amado, D., Sánchez-Oliva, D., González-Ponce, I., Pulido-González, J. J., & Sánchez-Miguel, P. A. (2015). Incidence of Parental Support and Pressure on Their Children's Motivational Processes towards Sport Practice Regarding Gender. PloS One, 10(6), e0128015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128015
Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261
Appleton, P. R., Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Viladrich, C., & Duda, J. L. (2016). Initial validation of the coach-created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 53–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.05.008
Appleton, P. R., & Duda, J. L. (2016). Examining the interactive effects of coach- created empowering and disempowering climate dimensions on athletes’ health and functioning. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 26, 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.06.007
Balaguer, I. (2013). La investigación sobre el clima motivacional ha abierto el camino para la promoción del bienestar a través de la participación deportiva. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 30(6), 338–340.
Barbosa-Luna, A. E., Tristán, J. L., Tomás, I., González, A., & López-Walle, J. M. (2017). Climas motivacionales, motivación autodeterminada, afectos y burnout en deportistas: enfoque multinivel. Acción Psicológica, 14(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.1.19266
Barcza-Renner, K., Eklund, R. C., Morin, A. J. S., & Habeeb, C. M. (2016). Controlling coaching behaviors and athlete burnout: Investigating the mediating roles of perfectionism and motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38(1), 30-44. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2015-0059
Blecharz, J., Horodyska, K., Zarychta, K., Adamiec, A., & Luszczynska, A. (2015). Intrinsic motivation predicting performance satisfaction in athletes: Further psychometric evaluations of the Sport Motivation Scale-6. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2015-0037
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. En K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equations models (pp. 136– 162). Newbury Park, CA.: A Sage Focus Edition.
Cantú-Berrueto, A., Castillo, I., López-Walle, J., Tristán, J., & Balaguer, I. (2016). Estilo interpersonal del entrenador, necesidades psicológicas básicas y motivación: un estudio en futbolistas universitarios mexicanos. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 11, 263–270. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1578-84232012000100014
Carmines, E. G. & McIver, J. P. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. Social Measurement: Current Issues, 65-115.
Carpentier, J., & Mageau, G. A. (2013). When change-oriented feedback enhances motivation, well-being and performance: A look at autonomy-supportive feedback in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(3), 423-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.01.003
Carratalá, E., Guzmán, J. F., Carratalá, V., & García, A. (2004). La diversión en la práctica deportiva en función del modelo jerárquico de la motivación: un estudio con deportistas de especialización deportiva. European Journal of Human Movement, 15, 24.
Castillo, I., Balaguer, I., & Duda, J. L. (2002). Las perspectivas de meta de los adolescentes en el contexto deportivo. Psicothema, 14(2), 280–287.
Castillo, N., López-Walle, J. M., Tomás, I., & Balaguer, I. (2017). Relación del clima empowering con la motivación autodeterminada a través de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 26(3), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1578-84232012000100014
Castillo-Jiménez, N., López-Walle, J., Tristán, J., & Balaguer, I. (2018). Perceived coach empowering climate and burnout: The moderator role of athletes autonomous motivation. En M. Murphy, C. Boreham, G. De Vito, y E. Tsolakidis (Eds.), Book of Abstracts of the 23rd Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (p. 266). Alemania: SportTools
Chu, T. L. (2018). The roles of coaches, peers, and parents in high school athletes' motivational processes: A mixed-methods study [Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas]. Recuperado desde https://digital. library. unt. edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248411/m2/1/high_res_d/CHU-DISSERTATION-2018. pdf).
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01
Duda, J. L. (2013). The conceptual and empirical foundations of Empowering CoachingTM: Setting the stage for the PAPA project. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(4), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2013.839414
Duda, J. L., Appleton, P. R., Stebbings, J., & Balaguer, I. (2018). Towards more empowering and less disempowering environments in youth sport. En C. J. Knight, C. G. Harwood, y D. Gould (Ed.), Sport psychology for young athletes (pp. 81–93). New York, NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315545202-8
Duda, J. L., Quested, E., Haug, E., Samdal, O., Wold, B., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I, Sarrazin, P., Papaioannou, A., Ronglan, L. T., Hall, H., & Cruz, J. (2013). Promoting Adolescent health through an intervention aimed at improving the quality of their participation in Physical Activity (PAPA): Background to the project and main trial protocol. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(4), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2013.839413
Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of Achievement-Motivation in Schoolwork and Sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.290
Fenton, S. A., Duda, J. L., Appleton, P. R., & Barrett, T. G. (2017). Empowering youth sport environments: Implications for daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiposity. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(4), 423–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.03.006
Fenton, S. A., Duda, J. L., & Barrett, T. (2016). Optimising physical activity engagement during youth sport: a self-determination theory approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(19), 1874–1884. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1142104
Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15(4), 372-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/714044203
García-Mas, A., Palou, P., Gili, M., Ponseti, X., Borras, P. A., Vidal, J., Cruz, J., Torregrosa, M., Villamarín, F., & Sousa, C. (2010). Commitment, enjoyment and motivation in young soccer competitive players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 609-616. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002286
Gutiérrez-García, P., López-Walle, J. M., Tomás, I., Tristán, J., & Balaguer, I. (2019). Relación entre clima empowering y diversión en pitchers de béisbol: el papel moderador de la motivación autónoma. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 19(1), 166-177. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.353081
Haerens, L., Vansteenkiste, M., De Meester, A., Delrue, J., Tallir, I., Vande, G., Goris, W., & Aelterman, N. (2018) Different combinations of perceived autonomy support and control: identifying the most optimal motivating style, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 23(1), 16-36, https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2017.1346070
Hancox, J. E., Quested, E., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2017). Teacher-created social environment, basic psychological needs, and dancers’ affective states during class: A diary study. Personality and Individual Differences, 115, 137– 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.033
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación. (6ta ed.). México, D. F.: McGraw-Hill.
Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. En R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Estructural equation modeling: Issues, concepts, applications (pp. 76-99). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Li, C., Kawabata, M., y Zhang, L. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Sport Motivation Scale-II for Chinese athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2016.1153130
Li, C., Kawabata, M., & Zhang, L. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Sport Motivation Scale-II for Chinese athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2016.1153130
Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., Hargreaves, E. A., & Ng, J. Y. (2014). Comparing sport motivation scales: A response to Pelletier et al. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(5), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.006
Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., & Rose, E. A. (2008). The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire: instrument development and initial validity evidence. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(3), 323e355. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.3.323
López-Walle, J., Tristán, J., Flores, M., Pérez, M., Atienza, F., & Balaguer, I. (2018). Perceived coach empowering climate and burnout: The moderator role of athletes autonomous motivation. En M. Murphy, C. Boreham, G. De Vito, y E. Tsolakidis (Eds.), Book of Abstracts of the 23rd Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (p. 266). Alemania: SportTools
Mosqueda, S., López-Walle, J. M., Gutiérrez-García, P., García-Verazaluce, J., & Tristán, J. (2019). Autonomous Motivation as a Mediator Between an Empowering Climate and Enjoyment in Male Volleyball Players. Sports, 7(6), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060153
Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill.
Pelletier, L. G., Rocchi, M. A., Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.12.002
Pelletier, L. G., Rocchi, M., Guertin, C., Hébert, C., & Sarrazin, P. (2019). French adaptation and validation of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (Echelle de Motivation dans les Sports-II). International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(3), 232-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2017.1339729
Pineda-Espejel, H. A., Alarcòn, E., López-Ruiz, Z., Trejo, M., & Chávez, C. (2016). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Motivación en el Deporte revisada (SMS-II) adaptada al español hablado en México. RICYDE: Revista Internacional de Ciencias Del Deporte, 44(12), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2016.04402
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development and wellness. New York: Guilford. https://doi.org/10.7202/1041847ar
Raykov, T. (2001). Bias of coefficient afor fixed congeneric measures with correlated errors. Applied psychological measurement, 25(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/01466216010251005
Smith, N., Tessier, D., Tzioumakis, Y., Fabra, P., Quested, E., Appleton, P., Papaioannou, A, Sarrazin, P, Balaguer, I., & Duda, J. L. (2016). The relationship between observed and perceived assessments of the coach-created motivational environment and links to athlete motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 23, 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.11.001
Solstad, B. E., Ivarsson, A., Haug, E. M., & Ommundsen, Y. (2018). Youth sport coaches’ well-being across the season: The psychological costs and benefits of giving empowering and disempowering sports coaching to athletes. International Sport Coaching Journal, 5(2), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2017-0026
Solstad, B. E., Stenling, A., Ommundsen, Y., Wold, B., Heuzé, J. P., Sarrazin, P., Castillo, I., Cruz, J., Hall, H., Papaioannou, A., & Duda, J. L. (2020). Initial psychometric testing of the coach-adapted version of the empowering and disempowering motivational climate questionnaire: A Bayesian approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(6), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1722575
Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., & Hassmén, P. (2015). Changes in perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in young elite athletes. Sport. Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(1), 50-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/spy0000027
Tristán, J., López-Walle, J., Balaguer, I., Valdez, H., & Duda, J.L. (2018). Players perceptions of coach’s corrective feedback and implications for athlete’s ill-being. En M. Murphy, C. Boreham, G. De Vito, y E. Tsolakidis (Eds.), Book of Abstracts of the 23rd Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (p. 723). Alemania: SportTools
Vallerand R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Advances Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 271–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60019-2
Young-Moo, L., Young-Gun, L., Boo-gil, S., & Hyun-Suk, P. (2018). How participation motivation affects the psychological and subjective Well-Being of Korean golfers. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(9), 1362-1367. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.01181.6
Zanatta, T., Rottensteiner, C., Konttinen, N., & Lochbaum, M. (2018). Individual motivations, motivational climate, enjoyment, and physical competence perceptions in Finnish team sport athletes: a prospective and retrospective study. Sports, 6(4), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040165
Zourbanos, N., Haznadar, A., Papaioannou, A., Tzioumakis, Y., Krommidas, C., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2016). The Relationships Between Athletes’ Perceptions of Coach-Created Motivational Climate, Self-Talk, and Self-Efficacy in Youth Soccer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(1), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1074630
Esta revista es de acceso libre inmediato a su contenido, bajo el principio de hacer disponible al público gratuitamente las investigaciones publicadas.
Los autores que publiquen en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
- De acuerdo con la legislación de derechos de autor, en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) reconoce y respeta el derecho moral de los autores, así como la titularidad del derecho patrimonial, el cual será transferido —de forma no exclusiva— a la revista para su difusión en acceso abierto.
- La revista Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) no realiza cargos a los autores por enviar y procesar artículos para su publicación.
- Todos los textos publicados por en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI)
—sin excepción— se distribuyen amparados bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución- NoComercial 4.0 Internacional, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista.
- Los autores pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI), por ejemplo incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o darlo a conocer en otros medios en papel o electrónicos, siempre que indique clara y explícitamente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en el Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI).
- Para todo lo anterior, los autores deben remitir el formato de carta de transmisión de derechos patrimoniales de la primera publicación debidamente requisitado y firmado, al momento de ser aceptado para su publicación el manuscrito en cuestión.
This is an open-access journal in terms of its content, under the premise of making published research available to the public for free.
The authors who publish on the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) accept the following terms:
- In accordance to the copyright law, the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) recognizes and respects the moral law of the authors, as well as the ownership right, which will be transferred –in a non-exclusive manner- to the journal for its open access diffusion.
- The Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) does not charge the authors for sending and processing the papers for their publication.
- Every text published by the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) –with no exception- is distributed under protection of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows third parties to utilize what was published as long as they mention the authorship of the paper and the first publication in this journal.
- The authors can hold other contractual agreements, independent and additional to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the article in the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI), such as including it in an institutional repository or promoting it through channels different from paper or electronic publications, as long as it indicates clearly and explicitly that the paper was first published in the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI).
- For all the previous matters, the authors must refer the format of the letter of transference of patrimonial rights of the first publication, properly required and signed, at the moment of being approved for publication in the manuscript at issue.