Woman stereotypes and ambivalent sexism in a sample of adolescents from Buenos Aires
Main Article Content
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine which woman stereotypes are most common in a group of young adolescents from Buenos Aires; to then see how they value these stereotypes and analyse whether they can be categorised as hostile, benevolent or of another kind. The total sample was composed of 250 secondary school students from the City of Buenos Aires, aging between 16 and 18, of both sexes. The first five woman features to come to participants minds were analysed, along with a value scale for each of them that ranged from very positive to very negative. Additionally, levels of ambivalent sexism were assessed in both hostile and benevolent forms. The main stereotypes of women and their positive or negative evaluation are described, along with the relationship they keep with hostile and benevolent forms of sexism. Finally, we observe that several stereotypes categorized as benevolent were valued both positively and negatively, which opens a field of discussion about the relationship between ambivalent sexism and stereotypes of women.
Article Details
Citas en Dimensions Service
References
Barreiro, A., Gaudio, G., Mayor, J., Santellán Fernandez, R., Sarti, D. & Sarti, M. (in press). La justicia como representación social: difusión y posicionamientos diferenciales. Revista de Psicología Social.
Campbell, D. (1967). Stereotypes and the perception of group differences. American Psychologist, 22, 817-829. doi:10.1037/h0025079
Diaz-Loving, R.; Rocha Sánchez T. S. & Rivera Aragón, S. (2004). Elaboración, validación y estandarización de un inventario para evaluar las dimensiones atributivas de instrumentalidad y expresividad. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 38 (2), 263-276.
Eagly. A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573-598. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573
Etchezahar, E. (2013). El sexismo ambivalente y la ideología del rol de género. Madrid: Editorial Académica Española.
Fernandez, J. & Coello, M. T. (2010). Do the BSRI and PAQ really measure masculinity and Feminity? The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 1000-1009. doi:10.1017/S113874160000264X
Fiske, S. T. & Glick, P. (1995). Ambivalence and stereotypes cause sexual harassment: A theory with implications for organizational change. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 97-115. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01311.x
Fitzgerald, L. F. & Betz, N. E. (1983). Issues in the vocational psychology of women. En Walsh, W. & Osipow, S. (Eds.), Career Counseling. Contemporary topics in vocational psychology (pp. 83-159). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Glick, E. (1991). Trait-based and sex-based discrimination in occupational prestige, occupational salary, and hiring. Sex Roles, 25, 351-378. doi:10.1007/BF00289761
Glick, P. & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491
Glick, P. & Fiske, S. T. (2001). Ambivalent Sexism. En M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 115-188). San Diego: Academic Press.
Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J, Abrams, D., Masser, B., …, López, W. L. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 763-775. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.763
Glick, P. & Hilt, L. (2000). From combative children to ambivalent adults: The development of gender prejudice. En T. Eckes & M. Trautner (Eds.), Developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 243-272 ). Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum.Gutek, B. A. (1985). Sex and the workplace: Impact of sexual behavior and harassment on women, men and organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Gutek, B. A. (1985). Sex and the workplace: Impact of sexual behavior and harassment on women, men and organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Hilton, J. L. & Von Hippel, W. (1996). Stereotypes. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 237-271.
Lindsgren, H. C. (1975). Introducción a la psicología social. México: Trillas.
Lupano Perugini, M. L., & Castro Solano, A. (2011). Teorías implícitas del liderazgo masculino y femenino según ámbito de desempeño. Ciencias Psicológicas, 5(2), 139-150.
Moya, M. C. (1990). Favoritismo endogrupal y discriminación exogrupal en las percepciones de las características sexo- estereotipadas. En G. Musitu (Ed.), Procesos psicosociales básicos (pp. 221-228). Barcelona: PPU.
Rudman, L. A. & Glick, P. (2008). The social psychology of gender: How power and intimacy shape gender relations. New York: Guilford.
Sarrica, M. (2007). War and Peace as Social Representations: Cues of Structural Stability. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 13(3), 251–272. doi:10.1080/10781910701471298
Unger, R. & Crawford, M. (1992). Women & Gender: A feminist psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Williams, J. E., & Best, D. L. (1990). Measuring sex stereotyping: A multination study. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Zubieta, E., Beramendi, M., Sosa, F, & Torres, J. (2011). Sexismo ambivalente, estereotipos y valores en el ámbito militar. Revista de Psicología, 29(1), 101-130.
Self-references for authors: 1
Self-references for the JBHSI: 0
Esta revista es de acceso libre inmediato a su contenido, bajo el principio de hacer disponible al público gratuitamente las investigaciones publicadas.
Los autores que publiquen en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
- De acuerdo con la legislación de derechos de autor, en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) reconoce y respeta el derecho moral de los autores, así como la titularidad del derecho patrimonial, el cual será transferido —de forma no exclusiva— a la revista para su difusión en acceso abierto.
- La revista Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) no realiza cargos a los autores por enviar y procesar artículos para su publicación.
- Todos los textos publicados por en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI)
—sin excepción— se distribuyen amparados bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución- NoComercial 4.0 Internacional, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista.
- Los autores pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI), por ejemplo incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o darlo a conocer en otros medios en papel o electrónicos, siempre que indique clara y explícitamente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en el Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI).
- Para todo lo anterior, los autores deben remitir el formato de carta de transmisión de derechos patrimoniales de la primera publicación debidamente requisitado y firmado, al momento de ser aceptado para su publicación el manuscrito en cuestión.
This is an open-access journal in terms of its content, under the premise of making published research available to the public for free.
The authors who publish on the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) accept the following terms:
- In accordance to the copyright law, the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) recognizes and respects the moral law of the authors, as well as the ownership right, which will be transferred –in a non-exclusive manner- to the journal for its open access diffusion.
- The Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) does not charge the authors for sending and processing the papers for their publication.
- Every text published by the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) –with no exception- is distributed under protection of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows third parties to utilize what was published as long as they mention the authorship of the paper and the first publication in this journal.
- The authors can hold other contractual agreements, independent and additional to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the article in the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI), such as including it in an institutional repository or promoting it through channels different from paper or electronic publications, as long as it indicates clearly and explicitly that the paper was first published in the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI).
- For all the previous matters, the authors must refer the format of the letter of transference of patrimonial rights of the first publication, properly required and signed, at the moment of being approved for publication in the manuscript at issue.