P300 and Cognitive Impairment in Major Depression: A Narrative Review of Its Diagnostic and Prognostic Value
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker value of P300 parameters (amplitude and latency) in cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science and PubMed, covering publications from 2019 to 2025. The search terms used were P300, parameters, cognitive impairment, and major depressive disorder. An initial screening identified 89 articles. Selection criteria included original articles with available references, peer-reviewed publications, and studies providing updated information on diagnosis and treatment with relevant contributions to this search. After applying these criteria, 28 articles were included. Results: Patients with major depressive disorder showed prolonged P300 latency compared with healthy controls. These alterations may reflect different aspects of cognitive dysfunction, such as attention, processing speed, and working memory. Conclusion: As an objective and noninvasive tool, P300 is useful for assessing cognitive function; however, further research is needed to validate its use as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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