Perspectivas actuales sobre el síndrome compartimental: una revisión integral
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Abstract
Introduction: Compartment syndrome is a pathology secondary to increased tissue pressure within an osteofascial compartment. Objective: To review the recent literature on the diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndrome to provide an updated view of this condition. Methods: A search of the Web of Science and PubMed databases was performed, using literature from 2019 to 2024. The search terms used were: compartment syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, extremities. A total of 179 articles were found. The selection criteria were: original articles, with available references, from refereed publications, less than five years old, updated articles on prevention, diagnosis and treatment that had a relevant contribution to this research. After submitting these texts to the selection criteria, 28 articles were obtained. Results: Within its physiopathology, arteriolar vasodilation and collapse of the venule system play an essential role, which conditions an increase in vascular permeability, ending in the extravasation of liquid to the interstitial space, causing edema and a decrease in the rate of tissue perfusion. Its diagnosis is mainly clinical, by means of a clinical history and an adequate physical examination. The definitive treatment, once this pathology is established, is fasciotomy. Conclusions: Mortality in a patient with compartment syndrome can reach 47%, so a timely and efficient diagnosis is essential.
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