Alternativas de reúso de águas cinzas após tratamento químico Alternatives for reusing gray water after chemical treatment
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Abstract
The scarcity of water resources is an issue that is becoming increasingly worrying over time, reflecting the significant reduction in the volumes of water stored in reservoirs in various regions. The reuse of gray water is widely adopted in several countries as a sustainable alternative to reduce the demand for drinking water. However, the lack of adequate water quality standards or guidelines hinders the appropriate reuse of graywater. This research aims to simulate a graywater reuse project, derived from domestic processes such as dishwashing, laundry and bathing - excluding toilet waste. This research was carried out at the Laboratory for Innovation in Waste Utilization and Energy Sustainability (LARSEN) at the Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO) - Palmas Campus. The treatment used in this research was structured in two stages: (1) Coagulation, Flocculation and Decantation and (2) Filtration of the effluent from the coagulation system in a sand filter, followed by adsorption on activated carbon. To this end, coagulation tests were carried out with aluminium plichloride at a concentration of 1% in order to optimize the removal of turbidity from the liquid, and factorial planning was carried out using the Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) to verify turbidity removal. The factors studied were pH of the grey water, coagulant dosage, slow mixing time and sedimentation time. The characterization of the raw and treated greywater was carried out, showing the efficiency of removal of parameters such as COD (from 259.1 to 26 mg/L), Volatile Solids (from 487 to 20.3 mg/L), Suspended Solids (from 120 to not detected), Turbidity (from 126 to 0.1 uT) and E. coli (from 9.2 to not detected). With the results obtained, and based on the 1997 NBR 13969 standard, the treated effluent can be used for washing cars, floors and sidewalks, flushing toilets, as well as irrigating gardens, orchards, cereals and pastures.
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References
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