Phytoremediation and microremediation of soils contaminated by lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)
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Abstract
Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium can cause serious damage to human health, since, not being dissolved by the human body, sustainable ways to remove heavy metals from the soil are phytoremediation and microremediation. The present study aimed to evaluate in the literature the species involved in the sustainable removal of lead and cadmium from contaminated soils. We chose to carry out an integrative review of the literature, through an extensive search of studies in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The results show that species such as Chrysopogon zizaniodes and Paspalum fasciculatum can be an alternative for the elimination of Cd and Pb, because they have resistance and act as bioaccumulators of these compounds, in addition to having a rapid growth. The Trichoderma asperellum fungus was also viable, as it has a maximum removal efficiency rate of 76.17% and 68.4% for cadmium and lead, respectively. The use of phytoremediation and microremediation are essential to ensure the health of soils and the quality of cultivated food, as it is a low-cost and sustainable technology, it can be easily inserted by rural producers and researchers.
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