Fitorremediación y microrremediación de suelos contaminados por plomo (Pb) y cadmio (Cd)
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Los metales pesados como el plomo y el cadmio pueden causar graves daños a la salud humana, ya que, al no ser disueltos por el cuerpo humano, las formas sostenibles de eliminar metales pesados del suelo son la fitorremediación y la microrremediación. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar en la literatura las especies involucradas en la eliminación sostenible de plomo y cadmio de suelos contaminados. Se optó por realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura, a través de una amplia búsqueda de estudios en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science. Los resultados muestran que especies como Chrysopogon zizaniodes y Paspalum fasciculatum pueden ser una alternativa para la eliminación de Cd y Pb, porque tienen resistencia y actúan como bioacumuladores de estos compuestos, además de tener un rápido crecimiento. El hongo Trichoderma asperellum también fue viable, ya que tiene una tasa máxima de eficiencia de eliminación de 76.17% y 68.4% para cadmio y plomo, respectivamente. El uso de la fitorremediación y la microrremediación son esenciales para garantizar la salud de los suelos y la calidad de los alimentos cultivados, ya que es una tecnología de bajo costo y sostenible, puede ser fácilmente insertada por productores rurales e investigadores.
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