THE COMPETITION BETWEEN CHINA AND SOUTH KOREA FOR EXPORT MARKETS IN LATIN AMERICA: AN ANALYSIS BY TECHNOLOGICAL CATEGORIES
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Resumen
ABSTRACT
The trade competition between China and South Korea for Latin America’s market over the period 2001-2019 is researched in this paper. We build an export quality index based on the classification of exports by technological intensity to show China’s and Korea’s export profiles have become more similar over time. Additionally, we calculate an index of competition between the said countries in Latin American markets. We then compute an exports function of South Korean exports to Latin America using a dynamic panel data analysis where the competition index, the Chinese exchange rate, and Latin America’s GDP are explanatory variables. The estimation results show the Chinese exchange rate and the competition between China and South Korea impart a negative impact on South Korean exports to the region, while Latin America’s GDP does a positive one.
LA COMPETENCIA ENTRE CHINA Y COREA DEL SUR POR MERCADOS DE EXPORTACIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA: UN ANÁLISIS POR CATEGORÍAS TECNOLÓGICAS
RESUMEN
En este artículo investigamos la competencia entre China y Corea del Sur por los mercados de exportación en América Latina entre 2001 y 2019. Construimos un índice de calidad de las exportaciones basado en la clasificación de las exportaciones por intensidad tecnológica, y lo utilizamos para mostrar que los perfiles de exportación de China y Corea del Sur se han vuelto más similares con el tiempo. Además, calculamos un índice de competencia entre Corea del Sur y China en los mercados latinoamericanos para las últimas dos décadas. Luego, estimamos una función de exportaciones para las exportaciones sudcoreanas a América Latina utilizando un análisis de datos de panel dinámico, tomando el índice de competencia, el tipo de cambio chino y el PIB latinoamericano como variables explicativas. Los resultados de la estimación muestran un impacto negativo del tipo de cambio chino y de la competencia entre China y Corea del Sur en las exportaciones sudcoreanas a la región y un impacto positivo en el PIB de los países latinoamericanos.
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