Colombian Customs Policy regarding Authorized Economic Operators (AEO)

Resumen

Global markets are in a state of continuous evolution, with increasing demand for products driving companies to enhance their competitive capabilities. To remain competitive, firms seek to strengthen their international trade relations by leveraging the advantages offered by trade agreements. Additionally, they aim to streamline customs procedures, particularly through the adoption of Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs) within customs agreements, which facilitate more efficient cross-border trade operations. This study aims to examine the relevance and impact of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) certification program, known by its Spanish acronym as OEA, as approved by customs authorities. This certification is positioned as a flexible and competitive tool that enables companies to streamline their logistics chains, thereby simplifying foreign trade operations and enhancing overall efficiency. The proposed hypothesis suggests that AEO certification could serve as an opportunity to enhance the supply chains of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These businesses account for 90% of the productive sector, contribute 40% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and provide over 80% of national employment, according to 2022 data from the Ministry of Labor. Therefore, the central question this research seeks to address is: Can the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) certification enable small and medium-sized enterprises to enhance their competitiveness by implementing changes in their supply chain security practices?