Relación entre complicaciones microvasculares y valores elevados del índice neutrófilo-linfocito en pacientes con diabetes mellitus
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Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre las complicaciones microvasculares y valores elevados del índice neutrófilo-linfocito (NLR) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) de una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar 92 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Se analizaron 232 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con DM2 obtenidos por muestreo probabilístico. Se empleó una cédula diseñada por los investigadores para la recolección de variables sociodemográficas, bioquímicas y clínicas, y se analizaron con GraphPad Prism 10 mediante pruebas de χ2 y t de Student, los resultados con valor de p<0.05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: se calculó el NLR de cada expediente y se encontró que 51 pacientes (22%) presentaron NLR elevado. La presencia del NLR elevado se relacionó con el sexo, la presencia de hipertensión y el descontrol glucémico (p<0.05) pero no con el índice de masa corporal, edad y tiempo de evolución de la DM2. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el NLR elevado y la presencia de complicaciones microvasculares como nefropatía, neuropatía, cardiopatía y retinopatía (p<0.05). El análisis de regresión logística mostró una relación significativa entre el NLR y la cardiopatía diabética (OR: 7.93, 95% IC, IC 3.29-20.33, p<0.05). Conclusión: Los valores elevados del NLR se relacionaron con la presencia de complicaciones microvasculares en pacientes con DM2, por lo cual el nlr puede ser empleado como un biomarcador para el control del paciente con diabetes en la consulta de medicina familiar.
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