Production of activated charcoal from pyrolysis of
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Abstract
The search for sustainable and economically viable alternatives for the use of biomass has been motivated by the environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels in energy generation, by the increase in the price of oil — a non-renewable source — and by the abundance of agro-industrial residues. Furthermore, biomass represents a source of renewable energy. As Brazil is the largest producer of oranges in the world, a large amount of residual biomass is generated, not always receiving an adequate final destination, which can cause environmental damage. Therefore, the objective of this study is to convert orange peel into activated carbon through the pyrolysis process and to characterize the resulting product. Dry biomass was characterized through immediate analysis: moisture content (0.88%), ash content (1.36%), volatile material (85.37%), fixed carbon content (12.39%) and density (0.44%). The thermal degradation of the residue was carried out in a fixed bed reactor, at two different temperatures (500 °C and 600 °C) for 30 minutes of degradation, at a rate of 30 °C/min. The activated carbon yield was 27.092% during the pyrolysis performed at 500°C, while it reached 18.094% in the pyrolysis at 600°C. After the conclusion of the pyrolysis experiments, the collection, storage and characterization of samples of adsorbent material produced during this process were carried out. The characterization was carried out using the same parameters that were applied in the analysis of dried orange peel. In addition, a methylene blue adsorption test was conducted on an orbital shaker table, following a face-centered design plan with 11 different combinations of mass and dye concentration. The adsorption time was kept constant at 30 minutes, and the volume of the solution used in all tests was set at 30 mL. The experiment revealed that the adsorption capacity of this carbon becomes more efficient with a low amount of mass and a high concentration of methylene blue dye. After analyzing the results, the efficiency of using orange peel biomass in the production of activated carbon, with adsorbent capacity, through pyrolysis, can be seen.
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References
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