TRATAMENTO FOTOCATALÍTICO DE FÁRMACOS UTILIZANDO TIO2: UMA ANÁLISE SISTÊMICA DOS MECANISMOS DE DEGRADAÇÃO, REUSABILIDADE E VIABILIDADE DO PROCESSO EM ESCALA REAL
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A contaminação das águas por compostos farmacêuticos em matrizes aquáticas é um problema recorrente em nossa sociedade. Um dos tratamentos mais conhecidos e utilizados para enfrentar essa questão é a fotocatálise heterogênea, capaz de destruir e mineralizar diversos contaminantes orgânicos. Por isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma investigação das produções científicas acerca da fotocatálise heterogênea aplicada ao tratamento de contaminantes fármacos. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método da revisão sistemática em conjunto com uma análise sistêmica de um portfólio bibliográfico final (PBF) elaborado por meio do método construtivista PROKNOW-C. Dos 3.498 artigos selecionados, 33 foram escolhidos para comporem o PBF. As publicações analisadas abordavam as classes dos antibióticos, anti-hipertensivos, analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios e utilizavam o TiO2 como catalisador de referência. Observou-se que a maioria das pesquisas se concentrou no aprimoramento da fotocatálise de TiO2 por modificação com dopagem de metais e heterojunções para a formação de novos compósitos. A principal espécie reativa identificada no processo foi o radical hidroxila (•OH), ainda que sejam utilizados diferentes semicondutores, uma vez que os mecanismos de degradação se repetem durante a reação e podem ser intensificados pelas condições experimentais empregadas. A reusabilidade do catalisador em número de ciclos ocorreu no máximo até 5 vezes sem que houvesse perda de eficiência, sendo quatro a quantidade de vezes que alguns catalisadores obtiveram maior desempenho após a sua reutilização. Quanto ao uso em escala real, compreende-se que existe uma lacuna sobre as análises de desempenho dos fotocatalisadores utilizados em condições mais adversas e complexas.
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